Every number in this article is reproducible, and the places where it could go wrong are named here rather than buried.
The capture. All twenty bottles, both powders, and the yogurt were priced at Walmart on September 10, 2026, in live fetches with caching disabled. Nineteen of the twenty rows use the twelve-pack price divided by twelve, because that is how these products are actually bought. The single exception is OWYN Pro Elite, priced from a four-pack at $9.27, because its only twelve-pack listing on that page was a third-party marketplace offer at more than four times the per-bottle price. The pack size is stated in the table.
Why one date and one retailer. Because prices in this category move within hours. Premier Protein's 11-ounce twelve-pack showed $25.17 in one view and $23.97 on a live fetch minutes later. Core Power Elite returned $68.36, $69.74, and $69.95 across three reads on the same afternoon. The whey powder tub read $22.12 and then, twenty minutes later, $19.87 — each figure internally consistent with its own displayed unit price, so a genuine price move rather than a misread. Fixing the date and the retailer is the only way the twenty rows stay comparable to one another.
Where a retailer's copy lost to the label. The product page for Equate High Performance Protein Shake states in its own marketing description that it has "only 1g of sugar per serving." Its Nutrition Facts panel on the same page reads 2 grams total sugars and 2 grams added sugars, and sugar appears fifth in the ingredient list. A separate structured read of that page returned 7 grams and 5 grams. Three figures, one product, one day. The label panel is what we published, every time.
Who is selling it. Walmart product URLs regularly resolve to third-party marketplace sellers rather than first-party listings, and the difference is large. Muscle Milk's ultra-filtered 26-gram shake, sold by Walmart, costs 7.4 cents a gram; Muscle Milk Genuine at 25 grams, sold by a marketplace seller, costs 11.0 cents. One gram of protein apart, 49 percent apart on cost. Four rows in the ladder are marketplace listings and the seller was recorded for every row.
Pack size, isolated. One Ensure Max Protein listing showed four pack sizes of the identical bottle at once: 4 for $9.97, 12 for $27.97, 24 for $53.84, and 36 for $75.52. The 36-pack is 15.9 percent cheaper per fluid ounce than the 4-pack. That spread is why the baseline had to be fixed before anything could be compared.
One substitution we did not plan. The research design called for pricing the yogurt from Bureau of Labor Statistics Average Price Data, as we did for the milk and the banana. That turned out to be impossible: BLS publishes roughly 70 national food average prices and neither yogurt nor cottage cheese is among them, a limit the agency describes on its own Average Price Data fact sheet. Build C therefore uses a dated Walmart shelf price for the Great Value plain nonfat Greek yogurt — $3.28 for a 32-ounce tub, 17 grams of protein per 170-gram serving — captured at the same retailer on the same day as the bottles. It is the only input in the article not on either a BLS series or a product label.
What we left out. Calories are not in the ladder. The retailer-rendered calorie figure for one product was implausible on its face, and rather than publish a column we could not stand behind for all twenty rows, we kept the table to the values that held steady across repeated reads: volume, pack, price, protein, and added sugar. For a similar exercise on cooked protein rather than bottled, see I Did the Math: Batch-Cooked Chicken vs. Deli Meat.